Treatment Algorithms

July 2009

Treatment Algorithms in Schizophrenia

Report Authors
Nicole Westphal, Ph.D.
Nathan Calloway, M.A.

Introduction:

Atypical antipsychotics remain the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment across all lines of therapy. One year after the launch of the first generic atypical in the United States (generic risperidone, at the end of June 2008), surveyed physicians weigh in on how generic risperidone has altered the treatment landscape. Physicians indicate that cost is not the only factor driving first-line treatment choice and highlight remaining opportunities for differentiation among branded atypicals. Surveyed psychiatrists continue to view risperidone and Eli Lilly’s Zyprexa as the most effective atypicals for treating schizophrenia patients with delusions and/or hallucinations (the most common presenting schizophrenia symptom), but concerns over the weight gain and metabolic profiles of agents such as Zyprexa have allowed Bristol-Myers Squibb/Otsuka’s Abilify and Pfizer’s Geodon to post strong gains in early-line patient share in the schizophrenia market compared with our previous analysis of patient-level claims in this market.

This Treatment Algorithms in Schizophrenia report analyzes patient-level claims data to quantify schizophrenia drug share by line of therapy in newly diagnosed patients and identifies, through our survey of 150 U.S. physicians (75 psychiatrists and 75 PCPs), the factors that drive physicians’ first-line choice among atypical antipsychotics. We identify physicians’ preferences among key patient segments (e.g., patients presenting with delusions and/or hallucination, with comorbid anxiety or depression, with cognitive dysfunction) to reveal the specific patient segments driving each atypical’s patient share. Finally, we examine how these factors differ among the primary care and specialist settings and discuss how this treatment dynamic will change over the next two years with the launches of novel atypical antipsychotics and several depot formulations of current brands. Our primary research also shows which drug attributes are most important to physicians in first-line treatment and juxtaposes how each atypical antipsychotic performs on each of these attributes versus their patient shares by line of therapy—using these leverage points, brand sales and marketing teams can effectively build strategy for taking share from competitors or building share in untapped areas of the schizophrenia market.

Questions Answered in This Report:

  *   Lines of therapy: With the exception of risperidone, Abilify has surpassed other atypical antipsychotics, including agents that surveyed psychiatrists perceive to be more effective such as Zyprexa and AstraZeneca’s Seroquel/Seroquel XR, to take second place in first-line treatment of schizophrenia. How much of early-line patient share is devoted to each atypical antipsychotic? How has early-line patient share shifted among newly diagnosed patients from our 2008 analysis? How frequently do surveyed physicians prescribe generic risperidone as a first-line atypical antipsychotic over its branded competitors? What other classes of agents capture significant share in early lines of therapy and which atypical antipsychotics do these patients move to as they progress through treatment?

  *   Pathways to key therapies: Surveyed physicians differentiate the atypical antipsychotics based on their perceived efficacy and side-effect profiles. How might physician perceptions influence patient movement from one atypical to another? Which agents are most often replaced by risperidone, Abilify, Geodon, Zyprexa, Seroquel or Seroquel XR, Janssen’s Risperdal Consta, and Janssen’s Invega? To what extent have patient flow patterns to risperidone changed following the entry of generics?

  *   Physician behavior: Schizophrenia treatment occurs largely in the specialist setting. However, surveyed PCPs initiate first-line therapy in a substantial percentage of their schizophrenia patients, highlighting the primary care setting as an important entry point for schizophrenia drug therapy. How do PCPs and psychiatrists differ in their preferences for specific atypical antipsychotics? Which agents does each physician type prefer for first-line treatment of patients with specific presenting symptoms (e.g., comorbid depression, hallucinations and/or delusions, cognitive dysfunction)? Does physician use of other key drug classes, including antidepressants or antiepileptics, vary by presenting symptoms and specialty?

  *   Forecast: Over the next two years, the schizophrenia market will see the introduction of two novel atypical antipsychotics and two more depot formulations of currently branded products. However, these agents will face an increasingly competitive generics market as formulations of Zyprexa and Invega will join generic risperidone as alternatives to the higher-cost branded atypicals. How will the launch of depot formulations of Zyprexa and Invega impact the treatment landscape by 2011? How will currently marketed agents’ use shift by line of therapy over the next two years as the second generic atypical antipsychotic, generic olanzapine, enters the U.S. market? How likely are surveyed physicians to begin prescribing the emerging atypical antipsychotics, Vanda’s Fanapt and Schering-Plough’s Saphris? To what extent will physicians continue to prioritize concerns about metabolic and weight-gain side effects compared with other potential trends in schizophrenia treatment?

Scope:

Includes:

Primary research: Quantitative results from our survey of 150 physicians (75 psychiatrists and 75 PCPs):

- Physician opinion on how drug use differs by patient severity.

- Most influential drug attributes when physicians choose between agents.

- Anticipated changes in the line of therapy in which physicians use key agents.

Primary patient-level data: Quantitative findings from our analysis of data covering 61 million lives from 98 geographically diverse U.S. health plans:

- Quantified lines of therapy analysis showing exact share of each agent in each line of therapy, including rate of progression between lines and length of time patients are on each line.

- Progression flowcharts through one year of treatment for newly diagnosed patients receiving each of the following first-line agents: Seroquel, Abilify, Zyprexa, Zyprexa Zydis, Geodon, Invega, Risperdal Consta, Risperdal M-Tabs, risperidone, antiepileptic drugs, typical antipsychotics, anticholinergic agents, anxiolytics, benzodiazepines, SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, tricyclic agents, trazodone, and lithium.

- Flowcharts tracking the preceding therapy patterns for patients taking each of the following key therapies: Seroquel, Seroquel XR, Abilify, Zyprexa, Geodon, Invega, Risperdal Consta, and risperidone.

Search Reports